Morse Timing Reference Table

Standard timing

Every column is a whole multiple of the dit: a dah is three, the gap between letters three, the gap between words seven. Change the speed and all of them move together.

Farnsworth spacing at 18 WPM characters

The dit column never changes. That is the entire point of the method: the letters sound identical at every row, and only the silence between them moves. At 5 WPM effective the spacing unit is 7.84 times a dit; by 18 WPM the stretch has closed to 1× and you are simply operating at standard timing.

Where the numbers come from

Speed is measured against the word PARIS plus a trailing space, which totals exactly 50 dit-length units — 31 of them inside the characters and 19 of them silence between letters and words. Sixty thousand milliseconds divided by 50 units gives the constant that every dit length in the first table comes from.

Farnsworth timing keeps the 31 character units at the character speed and solves for how long the remaining 19 must be so the word still lands at the effective speed. Multiply any row out and one PARIS word takes exactly sixty thousand milliseconds divided by its effective speed — the site’s tests assert that identity on every row.